An autologous transplant is stem cell transplant that uses your own cells, which means you are your own donor. In this type of transplant, your stem cells are harvested (removed), frozen and stored before receiving high doses of radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, or both. After you receive your high dose cancer treatment to remove cancerous cells from your marrow, your stem cells are thawed and returned back into you. This is known as a “rescue” transplant.