移植
心脏健康
骨骼健康
癌症护理
高温及其对慢性病患者的影响
上次更新时间： 2023年10月3日 | 5 分钟阅读时间
热浪和异常炎热的天气可能对健康有害，尤其是对患有慢性疾病的人。以下是您可以采取的一些预防措施。
高温度和湿度在新加坡被认为是正常的，但极端天气的情况可能导致长时间的高温。由于这可能会对慢性疾病患者构成威胁，因此了解如何保护您自己和您的亲人非常重要。
过热会破坏我们的身体调节内部温度的能力，导致与热量相关的疾病。这些可从热疹(通常称为皮疹热)到因出汗过多和脱水导致的热耗竭。在严重情况下，长时间暴露于高温会导致危及生命的中暑。
与热有关的疾病会影响任何人，无论其年龄或健康状况如何。然而，对于那些患有慢性健康疾病(如心脏病和肺病)或超重或肥胖的人来说，它们可能更严重。这种风险增加是由于生理因素和某些药物的影响。
例如，超重或肥胖的患者更容易保留热量，而患有哮喘或COPD等呼吸系统疾病的患者可能更容易受到空气质量变化的影响。类风湿性关节炎(RA)等自身免疫性疾病在炎热天气会恶化，某些心脏药物，如利尿剂和 β 受体阻滞剂，可以提高对热的敏感性。
随着全球人口的增长和老化，更多的人受到这些情况的影响。因此，病人必须充分了解情况，并有能力在炎热的天气下有效地管理其健康，这一点至关重要。
请务必与您的医生密切合作，了解热量对您的健康的影响，并格外小心地管理以下情况:
类风湿性关节炎和狼疮等自身免疫性疾病
类风湿性关节炎和狼疮的症状，如疲劳，肌肉疼痛和关节疼痛，暴露在热和紫外线下会变得更糟。最好是在一天中最热的时候呆在室内，如果你必须出去，穿宽松的衣服，覆盖你的胳膊和腿，并使用广谱防晒霜。
痛风
温度越高，痛风发作的风险就越高40%，脱水会触发严重疼痛和关节肿胀等常见症状。
心脏病和代谢综合征
心脏病患者由于炎热天气中的汗液增多而面临较高的发热相关疾病风险，从而导致更大的液体流失和血容量减少。这会给心脏带来额外的压力，强调保持凉爽的重要性。
此外，代谢综合征，包括糖尿病，高血压和高胆固醇， 增加心脏病的风险。某些用于治疗这些疾病的药物，如钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2 (SGLT)抑制剂，利尿剂和 β 受体阻滞剂，也可能增加脱水风险。如果您有这些情况，请咨询您的医生，以获得有关管理心脏健康的定制建议，包括液体摄入和药物调整。
肾脏疾病。
当温度升高时，我们的身体自然会产生更多的汗水来调节温度。但是，如果无法通过出汗补充流失的液体，则会导致脱水，给肾脏带来额外压力，这需要足够的水合才能有效过滤体内的废物。长期或慢性脱水可能最终导致肾脏损伤和慢性肾脏疾病的发展。
精神健康和情绪障碍
炎热的天气对任何人来说都很难忍受，因为它会使白天更难以集中精力或获得良好的夜间睡眠。然而，对于那些患有焦虑或情绪障碍(如双相障碍和抑郁症)的人来说，这可能更具挑战性。由于一些研究显示，在热浪期间有某些精神健康困难的人中，住院率较高，因此，如果您在异常炎热的时期挣扎，请务必格外小心以保持凉爽，受到治疗方面的纪律处分并与医生交谈。
偏头痛
脱水，过热和过亮可能引发攻击，所以保持水分，用帽子，雨伞和太阳镜保护自己免受高温和太阳的眩光。它也可能有助于避免或减少酒精和咖啡因的摄入，因为这些是利尿剂，可以促进脱水。
* 多发性硬化症
视力问题，虚弱和疼痛等症状在高温下会变得更严重，因此请采取额外的预防措施以保持在冷却环境中。
呼吸道疾病，如哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病
！热和哮喘
热浪期间空气质量差会刺激气道，导致呼吸困难并使症状恶化。请记得按照建议服用药物，以便您的病情得到良好管理，并向您的医生咨询如何管理急性发作。
如何在极端炎热的天气中保持凉爽和安全
总的来说，在热浪期间采取保护措施对每个人都是有益的，您可以通过将户外活动限制在早上和晚上天气凉爽时进行，并在一天中最热的时段呆在室内进行。如果你必须在户外，穿着轻质，宽松和浅色的衣服，戴帽子和太阳镜，并经常在阴凉处休息。
你也应该小心锻炼–如果你感到呼吸不足或被点燃，或者如果你的心脏跳动不规则，你应该立即停止。一定要喝更多的水，并采取较少的含糖或酒精的饮料，这可能是脱水。如果您照看年幼的儿童，老年人和/或宠物，请确保对他们也采取同样的保护措施。
最后，警惕需要医疗护理的警告信号。热耗竭患者可能会出现恶心，头晕，头痛，无力或困惑，而中暑是一种以言语不清，癫痫和意识丧失为特征的医疗紧急情况。
如果您对如何在当前的高温天气中保持健康有任何疑问，请咨询您的医生，或通过健康SG了解更多有关采取积极措施管理健康的信息。
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R. Sima. (July 20, 2023). How persistent heat can lead to chronic health problems. The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 August 2023 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/07/20/chronic-heat-exposure-illness/
Heat Illness. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 15 August 2023 from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16425-heat-illness
Temperature-related Death and Illness: Climate Change and Human Health. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Retrieved 15 August 2023 from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/climatechange/health_impacts/heat/index.cfm
Neogi T, Chen C, Niu J, et al. Relation of temperature and humidity to the risk of recurrent gout attacks. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(4):372-377. doi:10.1093/aje/kwu147. Retrieved 15 September 2023 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184385/
E. Starkman. (November 1, 2021). What Is Heat-Related Illness? WebMD. Retrieved 15 August 2023 from https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/understanding-heat-related-illness-basics
Climate Change and the Health of People with Existing Medical Conditions. American Public Health Association. Retrieved 15 August 2023 from https://www.apha.org/-/media/Files/PDF/topics/climate/EPA_existing_conditions_health_climate_change.ashx
K. Anderson. (July 7, 2023). How the summer heat can affect your health—and ways to stay safe. SingleCare. Retrieved 15 August 2023 from https://www.singlecare.com/blog/hot-weather-health-risks/
Common Medical Conditions Aggravated by Sun and Heat. (Aug 13, 2018). Cedars Sinai. Retrieved 16 August 2023 from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/summer-health-risks.html
10 Tips to Manage in Hot Weather. (June 13, 2023). Cardiomyopathy UK. Retrieved 17 August 2023. https://www.cardiomyopathy.org/news-blogs/latest-news/hot-weather
W. E. Berger. Summer Asthma and Warm Weather. Allergy & Asthma Network. Retrieved 17 August 2023 from https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/summer-asthma-and-warm-weather/
Extreme heat - information for clinicians. (December 12, 2022). Victoria Department of Health. Retrieved 17 August 2023 from https://www.health.vic.gov.au/environmental-health/extreme-heat-information-for-clinicians#patients-at-risk-of-heat-related-illness
Natural Disasters and Severe Weather: Hot Weather Tips. (August 16, 2022). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 17 August 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heattips.html
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