Orthopaedic Health

A fracture is a broken bone which occurs when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. Fractures may occur at any age. Certain conditions such as osteoporosis that commonly affect older people may lead to brittle bones, increasing the risk of bone fracture.

Symptoms of bone fracture include pain, swelling, bruising, loss of function and bone deformity at the injured area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Plantar fasciitis (pronounced fash-ee-eye-tus) is an inflammation of the band of muscle (called the plantar fascia) under the foot that supports the arch. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It can occur in one or both feet.

Plantar fasciitis is caused by strain to the plantar fascia muscle under the foot. The cause could be degenerative or it could be from a previous injury. It can occur if you wear poor footwear, for example shoes with thin soles or that are not supportive enough. Other causes include:

• Going back to strenuous activity after a long period of rest
• Having a short calf muscle
• Having poor ankle range of motion

Middle-aged people are most commonly affected.

Common symptoms of plantar fasciitis include 'first step pain', which is pain that occurs when taking the first steps upon waking up in the morning, or swelling observed at the foot area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A shin splint is an inflammation of the muscles, tendons and bone tissue around the inner edge of the leg bone (tibia). They are often associated with running or walking for prolonged periods of time. In general, shin splints develop when the muscle and bone tissue in the leg become overworked.

Common symptoms of a shin splint include a sharp or dull and throbbing pain along the border of the tibia, swelling, pain which occurs both during and after exercise, and pain that aggravated upon touching the area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath at the base of the thumb. The tendons that move the thumb become constricted in a tight tunnel. The inflammation comes from the friction created as the tendon glides along the thumb with repeated movements. The usual cause of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is overuse of the wrist. Nursing mothers are often affected during the time that they are caring for their infant.

Common symptoms include pain over the wrist joint near the base of the thumb, pain after increased activity involving the wrist and hand, pain beginning as an aching sensation to a sharp pain, and swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

The rotator cuff is the network of 4 muscles and several tendons that form a covering around the top of the upper arm bone. The rotator cuff holds the upper arm bone in place and enables the arm to rotate. rotator cuff injury and inflammation is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain.

There are 3 common types rotator cuff injury:

• Rotator cuff tendonitis
• Rotator cuff impingement syndrome
• Rotator cuff tear

Rotator cuff tendonitis is caused by irritation and inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. This may be due to an injury or to overuse of the shoulder. It can occur in athletes who participate in throwing sports or in non-athletes with a history of recent heavy lifting or activities involving repetitive movements of the shoulder.

Symptoms include generalised shoulder pain, or pain that worsens with overhead activities or at night.

In rotator cuff impingement syndrome, the rotator cuff tendon becomes trapped and the tendon is repeatedly scraped against the shoulder blade, leading to fraying of the tendon. Symptoms include chronic pain that worsens at night or with overhead activities.

Rotator cuff tears are tears in the rotator cuff tendon rather than in the muscles. Rotator cuff tears normally happen as a result of a fall or an accident in younger people. In older people, they are usually caused by rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Symptoms include pain and weakness.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Patellar tendonitis is an injury to the tendon connecting your knee cap to your shin bone. The patellar tendon helps your muscles extend your lower leg so that you can kick a ball, pedal your bicycle and jump up in the air.

Patellar tendonitis is usually caused by overuse of the patellar tendon. People who play sports with lots of squatting and jumping movements are most at risk. Another cause is abnormal alignment of the lower limbs, such as in flat feet. These altered postures change the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Increased tension in the patellar tendon may occur during growth spurts, such that the tendon cannot keep up with the growth of the lower leg. In this situation, the tendon becomes too short, causing it to pull on the bottom tip of the knee cap. This condition is known as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disorder.

Symptoms of patellar tendonitis include pain and tenderness just below the kneecap, swelling and pain when kneeling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.

Tennis elbow is a common condition that is usually caused by excessive or repetitive turning or lifting of the elbow. The repetitive motion strains the muscles and tendons attached to the elbow, leading to tiny tears and inflammation near the bony lump (lateral epicondyle) on the outer part of the elbow.

Common symptoms include pain on the outer part of the elbow, pain when bending or lifting the arm, writing or gripping objects, pain accompanied with stiffness upon full extension of the arm, tenderness or swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath at the base of the thumb. The tendons that move the thumb become constricted in a tight tunnel. The inflammation comes from the friction created as the tendon glides along the thumb with repeated movements. The usual cause of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is overuse of the wrist. Nursing mothers are often affected during the time that they are caring for their infant.

Common symptoms include pain over the wrist joint near the base of the thumb, pain after increased activity involving the wrist and hand, pain beginning as an aching sensation to a sharp pain, and swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

The rotator cuff is the network of 4 muscles and several tendons that form a covering around the top of the upper arm bone. The rotator cuff holds the upper arm bone in place and enables the arm to rotate. rotator cuff injury and inflammation is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain.

There are 3 common types rotator cuff injury:

• Rotator cuff tendonitis
• Rotator cuff impingement syndrome
• Rotator cuff tear

Rotator cuff tendonitis is caused by irritation and inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. This may be due to an injury or to overuse of the shoulder. It can occur in athletes who participate in throwing sports or in non-athletes with a history of recent heavy lifting or activities involving repetitive movements of the shoulder.

Symptoms include generalised shoulder pain, or pain that worsens with overhead activities or at night.

In rotator cuff impingement syndrome, the rotator cuff tendon becomes trapped and the tendon is repeatedly scraped against the shoulder blade, leading to fraying of the tendon. Symptoms include chronic pain that worsens at night or with overhead activities.

Rotator cuff tears are tears in the rotator cuff tendon rather than in the muscles. Rotator cuff tears normally happen as a result of a fall or an accident in younger people. In older people, they are usually caused by rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Symptoms include pain and weakness.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Patellar tendonitis is an injury to the tendon connecting your knee cap to your shin bone. The patellar tendon helps your muscles extend your lower leg so that you can kick a ball, pedal your bicycle and jump up in the air.

Patellar tendonitis is usually caused by overuse of the patellar tendon. People who play sports with lots of squatting and jumping movements are most at risk. Another cause is abnormal alignment of the lower limbs, such as in flat feet. These altered postures change the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Increased tension in the patellar tendon may occur during growth spurts, such that the tendon cannot keep up with the growth of the lower leg. In this situation, the tendon becomes too short, causing it to pull on the bottom tip of the knee cap. This condition is known as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disorder.

Symptoms of patellar tendonitis include pain and tenderness just below the kneecap, swelling and pain when kneeling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.

Tennis elbow is a common condition that is usually caused by excessive or repetitive turning or lifting of the elbow. The repetitive motion strains the muscles and tendons attached to the elbow, leading to tiny tears and inflammation near the bony lump (lateral epicondyle) on the outer part of the elbow.

Common symptoms include pain on the outer part of the elbow, pain when bending or lifting the arm, writing or gripping objects, pain accompanied with stiffness upon full extension of the arm, tenderness or swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Anterior knee pain is the inflammation of the underside of the kneecap (patella). It often affects young people who play sports and older people who overwork their knees. Anterior knee pain can be due to injury or trauma to the kneecap (such as a dislocation or fracture), overuse with repetitive stress placed on your knee joint (prolonged long distance running or jumping sports), or when muscles around the hip and knee weaken.

Common symptoms include a dull aching pain in the front of kneecap, which can be aggravated by kneeling, squatting, running, sitting and walking up and down the stairs.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the main stabilising ligaments in the knee. An anterior cruciate ligament injury is a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament. Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament are common among people who play sports that have start-stop movements, pivoting or sudden changes in direction. These sports include football, netball, tennis, dancing and skiing.

The symptoms include a popping sound when the ligament ruptures, difficulty with knee movement, feeling of instability, with the knee ‘giving way’ during daily activities, pain immediately after an injury, swelling of the affected knee within 4 – 12 hours, or walking with a painful limp.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A fracture is a broken bone which occurs when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. Fractures may occur at any age. Certain conditions such as osteoporosis that commonly affect older people may lead to brittle bones, increasing the risk of bone fracture.

Symptoms of bone fracture include pain, swelling, bruising, loss of function and bone deformity at the injured area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A meniscus tear occurs when one of the pieces of cartilage in the knee is injured and tears. The meniscus is a small C-shaped cartilage that acts as a cushion in the knee joint. A meniscus tear occurs during movements that forcefully rotate the knee while the foot is firmly planted, which may happen during contact sports such as basketball or football.

Symptoms of a meniscus tear include clicking or popping sounds during movement, limited range of movement, a locking sensation (inability to straighten the knee), pain on either side of the knee, swelling at the joint line are or tenderness along the joint line.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Patellar tendonitis is an injury to the tendon connecting your knee cap to your shin bone. The patellar tendon helps your muscles extend your lower leg so that you can kick a ball, pedal your bicycle and jump up in the air.

Patellar tendonitis is usually caused by overuse of the patellar tendon. People who play sports with lots of squatting and jumping movements are most at risk. Another cause is abnormal alignment of the lower limbs, such as in flat feet. These altered postures change the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Increased tension in the patellar tendon may occur during growth spurts, such that the tendon cannot keep up with the growth of the lower leg. In this situation, the tendon becomes too short, causing it to pull on the bottom tip of the knee cap. This condition is known as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disorder.

Symptoms of patellar tendonitis include pain and tenderness just below the kneecap, swelling and pain when kneeling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.

Anterior knee pain is the inflammation of the underside of the kneecap (patella). It often affects young people who play sports and older people who overwork their knees. Anterior knee pain can be due to injury or trauma to the kneecap (such as a dislocation or fracture), overuse with repetitive stress placed on your knee joint (prolonged long distance running or jumping sports), or when muscles around the hip and knee weaken.

Common symptoms include a dull aching pain in the front of kneecap, which can be aggravated by kneeling, squatting, running, sitting and walking up and down the stairs.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A shin splint is an inflammation of the muscles, tendons and bone tissue around the inner edge of the leg bone (tibia). They are often associated with running or walking for prolonged periods of time. In general, shin splints develop when the muscle and bone tissue in the leg become overworked.

Common symptoms of a shin splint include a sharp or dull and throbbing pain along the border of the tibia, swelling, pain which occurs both during and after exercise, and pain that aggravated upon touching the area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Plantar fasciitis (pronounced fash-ee-eye-tus) is an inflammation of the band of muscle (called the plantar fascia) under the foot that supports the arch. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It can occur in one or both feet.

Plantar fasciitis is caused by strain to the Plantar Fascia muscle under the foot. The cause could be degenerative or it could be from a previous injury. It can occur if you wear poor footwear, for example shoes with thin soles or that are not supportive enough. Other causes include:

• Going back to strenuous activity after a long period of rest
• Having a short calf muscle
• Having poor ankle range of motion

Middle-aged people are most commonly affected.

Common symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis include 'first step pain', which is pain that occurs when taking the first steps upon waking up in the morning, or swelling observed at the foot area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the main stabilising ligaments in the knee. An anterior cruciate ligament injury is a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament. Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament are common among people who play sports that have start-stop movements, pivoting or sudden changes in direction. These sports include football, netball, tennis, dancing and skiing.

The symptoms include a popping sound when the ligament ruptures, difficulty with knee movement, feeling of instability, with the knee ‘giving way’ during daily activities, pain immediately after an injury, swelling of the affected knee within 4 – 12 hours, or walking with a painful limp.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Carpal (wrist) tunnel is a tunnel in the wrist. Nine tendons and the median nerve pass through the tunnel. When pressure builds up in the tunnel, the nerve gets compressed and is unable to function properly. This may result in numbness, discomfort and pain in the fingers. Carpal tunnel syndrome may be caused by a previous wrist fracture that has caused narrowing of the carpal tunnel, inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and associated conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hormonal disorders.

Symptoms usually include pain, numbness and tingling in the hand and fingers, and a weak grip while doing simple tasks such as holding the telephone or reading the newspaper.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath at the base of the thumb. The tendons that move the thumb become constricted in a tight tunnel. The inflammation comes from the friction created as the tendon glides along the thumb with repeated movements. The usual cause of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is overuse of the wrist. Nursing mothers are often affected during the time that they are caring for their infant.

Common symptoms include pain over the wrist joint near the base of the thumb, pain after increased activity involving the wrist and hand, pain beginning as an aching sensation to a sharp pain, and swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Lower back pain is one of the most common conditions related to spine health. It commonly results from gradual injury to the lower back muscles due to poor posture, inappropriate lifting techniques or chronic overuse. Everyday activities may over time also lead to micro trauma in the spine and hinder smooth movement and function. As a result, there is pain, movement limitation and degeneration.

Signs and symptoms include pain in the back, referred pain or altered sensation in the feet, pain upon weight bearing, pain during coughing or sneezing, muscle spasms, and limitation in movement. Treatment varies depending on the clinical condition and severity of the injury.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

The rotator cuff is the network of 4 muscles and several tendons that form a covering around the top of the upper arm bone. The rotator cuff holds the upper arm bone in place and enables the arm to rotate. rotator cuff injury and inflammation is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain.

There are 3 common types rotator cuff injury:

• Rotator cuff tendonitis
• Rotator cuff impingement syndrome
• Rotator cuff tear

Rotator cuff tendonitis is caused by irritation and inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. This may be due to an injury or to overuse of the shoulder. It can occur in athletes who participate in throwing sports or in non-athletes with a history of recent heavy lifting or activities involving repetitive movements of the shoulder.

Symptoms include generalised shoulder pain, or pain that worsens with overhead activities or at night.

In rotator cuff impingement syndrome, the rotator cuff tendon becomes trapped and the tendon is repeatedly scraped against the shoulder blade, leading to fraying of the tendon. Symptoms include chronic pain that worsens at night or with overhead activities.

Rotator cuff tears are tears in the rotator cuff tendon rather than in the muscles. Rotator cuff tears normally happen as a result of a fall or an accident in younger people. In older people, they are usually caused by rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Symptoms include pain and weakness.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Tennis elbow is a common condition that is usually caused by excessive or repetitive turning or lifting of the elbow. The repetitive motion strains the muscles and tendons attached to the elbow, leading to tiny tears and inflammation near the bony lump (lateral epicondyle) on the outer part of the elbow.

Common symptoms include pain on the outer part of the elbow, pain when bending or lifting the arm, writing or gripping objects, pain accompanied with stiffness upon full extension of the arm, tenderness or swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath at the base of the thumb. The tendons that move the thumb become constricted in a tight tunnel. The inflammation comes from the friction created as the tendon glides along the thumb with repeated movements. The usual cause of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is overuse of the wrist. Nursing mothers are often affected during the time that they are caring for their infant.

Common symptoms include pain over the wrist joint near the base of the thumb, pain after increased activity involving the wrist and hand, pain beginning as an aching sensation to a sharp pain, and swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Patellar tendonitis is an injury to the tendon connecting your knee cap to your shin bone. The patellar tendon helps your muscles extend your lower leg so that you can kick a ball, pedal your bicycle and jump up in the air.

Patellar tendonitis is usually caused by overuse of the patellar tendon. People who play sports with lots of squatting and jumping movements are most at risk. Another cause is abnormal alignment of the lower limbs, such as in flat feet. These altered postures change the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Increased tension in the patellar tendon may occur during growth spurts, such that the tendon cannot keep up with the growth of the lower leg. In this situation, the tendon becomes too short, causing it to pull on the bottom tip of the knee cap. This condition is known as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disorder.

Symptoms of patellar tendonitis include pain and tenderness just below the kneecap, swelling and pain when kneeling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Tennis elbow is a common condition that is usually caused by excessive or repetitive turning or lifting of the elbow. The repetitive motion strains the muscles and tendons attached to the elbow, leading to tiny tears and inflammation near the bony lump (lateral epicondyle) on the outer part of the elbow.

Common symptoms include pain on the outer part of the elbow, pain when bending or lifting the arm, writing or gripping objects, pain accompanied with stiffness upon full extension of the arm, tenderness or swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

The rotator cuff is the network of 4 muscles and several tendons that form a covering around the top of the upper arm bone. The rotator cuff holds the upper arm bone in place and enables the arm to rotate. rotator cuff injury and inflammation is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain.

There are 3 common types rotator cuff injury:

• Rotator cuff tendonitis
• Rotator cuff impingement syndrome
• Rotator cuff tear

Rotator cuff tendonitis is caused by irritation and inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. This may be due to an injury or to overuse of the shoulder. It can occur in athletes who participate in throwing sports or in non-athletes with a history of recent heavy lifting or activities involving repetitive movements of the shoulder.

Symptoms include generalised shoulder pain, or pain that worsens with overhead activities or at night.

In rotator cuff impingement syndrome, the rotator cuff tendon becomes trapped and the tendon is repeatedly scraped against the shoulder blade, leading to fraying of the tendon. Symptoms include chronic pain that worsens at night or with overhead activities.

Rotator cuff tears are tears in the rotator cuff tendon rather than in the muscles. Rotator cuff tears normally happen as a result of a fall or an accident in younger people. In older people, they are usually caused by rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Symptoms include pain and weakness.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the tendon sheath at the base of the thumb. The tendons that move the thumb become constricted in a tight tunnel. The inflammation comes from the friction created as the tendon glides along the thumb with repeated movements. The usual cause of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is overuse of the wrist. Nursing mothers are often affected during the time that they are caring for their infant.

Common symptoms include pain over the wrist joint near the base of the thumb, pain after increased activity involving the wrist and hand, pain beginning as an aching sensation to a sharp pain, and swelling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Carpal (wrist) tunnel is a tunnel in the wrist. Nine tendons and the median nerve pass through the tunnel. When pressure builds up in the tunnel, the nerve gets compressed and is unable to function properly. This may result in numbness, discomfort and pain in the fingers. Carpal tunnel syndrome may be caused by a previous wrist fracture that has caused narrowing of the carpal tunnel, inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and associated conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hormonal disorders.

Symptoms usually include pain, numbness and tingling in the hand and fingers, and a weak grip while doing simple tasks such as holding the telephone or reading the newspaper.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

The rotator cuff is the network of 4 muscles and several tendons that form a covering around the top of the upper arm bone. The rotator cuff holds the upper arm bone in place and enables the arm to rotate. rotator cuff injury and inflammation is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain.

There are 3 common types rotator cuff injury:

• Rotator cuff tendonitis
• Rotator cuff impingement syndrome
• Rotator cuff tear

Rotator cuff tendonitis is caused by irritation and inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles. This may be due to an injury or to overuse of the shoulder. It can occur in athletes who participate in throwing sports or in non-athletes with a history of recent heavy lifting or activities involving repetitive movements of the shoulder.

Symptoms include generalised shoulder pain, or pain that worsens with overhead activities or at night.

In rotator cuff impingement syndrome, the rotator cuff tendon becomes trapped and the tendon is repeatedly scraped against the shoulder blade, leading to fraying of the tendon. Symptoms include chronic pain that worsens at night or with overhead activities.

Rotator cuff tears are tears in the rotator cuff tendon rather than in the muscles. Rotator cuff tears normally happen as a result of a fall or an accident in younger people. In older people, they are usually caused by rotator cuff impingement syndrome. Symptoms include pain and weakness.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone pops out of the socket that is part of the shoulder blade. Dislocation is a painful and traumatic injury that is often caused by a fall or during contact sports.

Symptoms include swelling or bruising, intense pain, a visibly out-of-place shoulder, a numbing sensation along the neck area, and being unable to move the shoulder joint.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A fracture is a broken bone which occurs when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself. Fractures may occur at any age. Certain conditions such as osteoporosis that commonly affect older people may lead to brittle bones, increasing the risk of bone fracture.

Symptoms of bone fracture include pain, swelling, bruising, loss of function and bone deformity at the injured area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A meniscus tear occurs when one of the pieces of cartilage in the knee is injured and tears. The meniscus is a small C-shaped cartilage that acts as a cushion in the knee joint. A meniscus tear occurs during movements that forcefully rotate the knee while the foot is firmly planted, which may happen during contact sports such as basketball or football.

Symptoms of a meniscus tear include clicking or popping sounds during movement, limited range of movement, a locking sensation (inability to straighten the knee), pain on either side of the knee, swelling at the joint line are or tenderness along the joint line.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Patellar tendonitis is an injury to the tendon connecting your knee cap to your shin bone. The patellar tendon helps your muscles extend your lower leg so that you can kick a ball, pedal your bicycle and jump up in the air.

Patellar tendonitis is usually caused by overuse of the patellar tendon. People who play sports with lots of squatting and jumping movements are most at risk. Another cause is abnormal alignment of the lower limbs, such as in flat feet. These altered postures change the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. Increased tension in the patellar tendon may occur during growth spurts, such that the tendon cannot keep up with the growth of the lower leg. In this situation, the tendon becomes too short, causing it to pull on the bottom tip of the knee cap. This condition is known as Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disorder.

Symptoms of patellar tendonitis include pain and tenderness just below the kneecap, swelling and pain when kneeling.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A shin splint is an inflammation of the muscles, tendons and bone tissue around the inner edge of the leg bone (tibia). They are often associated with running or walking for prolonged periods of time. In general, shin splints develop when the muscle and bone tissue in the leg become overworked.

Common symptoms of a shin splint include a sharp or dull and throbbing pain along the border of the tibia, swelling, pain which occurs both during and after exercise, and pain that aggravated upon touching the area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

Plantar fasciitis (pronounced fash-ee-eye-tus) is an inflammation of the band of muscle (called the plantar fascia) under the foot that supports the arch. plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It can occur in one or both feet.

Plantar fasciitis is caused by strain to the plantar fascia muscle under the foot. The cause could be degenerative or it could be from a previous injury. It can occur if you wear poor footwear, for example shoes with thin soles or that are not supportive enough. Other causes include:

• Going back to strenuous activity after a long period of rest
• Having a short calf muscle
• Having poor ankle range of motion

Middle-aged people are most commonly affected.

Common symptoms of plantar fasciitis include 'first step pain', which is pain that occurs when taking the first steps upon waking up in the morning, or swelling observed at the foot area.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your orthopaedic specialist. Your doctor will recommend treatment options that best suit your lifestyle needs. Find out more about the treatment options and sports rehabilitation services available.

A sprain happens as a result of stress to the ligaments or joints. It is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Besides playing sports, an awkward step, tripping over while walking or slipping on a wet surface may also cause this common injury.

When an ankle is sprained, the ligaments, which are tissues that stabilise the joint, are partially or completely torn. Though these ligaments have the ability to heal well, there is a higher risk of repeated sprains in the future. One of the risk factors of a sprained ankle is having ankle instability. More severe cases require prolonged bracing and a possibility of surgery to repair ligaments.

Prolonged pain from an ankle sprain should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist. MRI scans will be very useful to exclude an osteochondral injury.